Module 13: Long Term Care Patient/Resident

Statement of Purpose: The purpose of this unit is to introduce the student to the basic structure of the body and to review the effect of aging on body structure and function. Common physical and psychological conditions found in elderly patients are presented along with approaches to care. Community resources commonly available to assist elderly patients with their psychological, recreational, and social needs are presented.

Module 13 Vocabulary Study Tool: https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/436d5af5-8952-444f-b0b1-4ef1fa6b0a53

Performance Standards (Objectives): Define key terminology:

Long Term Care Resident:

1. Acute
2. Assisted living
3. Chronic
4.  Debilitating
5. Dementia
6. Long-term care
7. Reality orientation
8. Reminiscing
9. Patients/residents
10. Skilled nursing facility
11. Subacute care
12. Validation therapy

Medical and Anatomical Terms:

13. Anatomic position

14. Anatomy

15. Anterior

16. Cells

17. Connective tissue

18. Contractures

19. Disease

20. Distal

21. Epithelial tissue

22. Health

23. Inferior

24. Joints

25. Lateral

26. Membranes

27. Muscle tissue

28. Nerve tissue

29. Organ

30. Peritoneum

31. Physiology

32. Posterior

33. Prefix

34. Proximal

35. Suffix

36. Superior

37. System

38. Traction

Nervous System:

39. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

40. Agitated

41. Alzheimer’s disease

42. Aphasia

43. Autonomic dysreflexia

44. Bipolar disorder

45. Brain

46. Cataract

47. Catastrophic reaction

48. Cerebral palsy

49. Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

50. Concussion

51. Confusion

52. Delirium

53. Delusion

54. Dementia

55. Developmentally disabled

56. Disruptive behavior

57. Elopement

58. Epilepsy

59. Generalized anxiety

60. Glaucoma

61. Hallucination

62. Hemianopsia

63. Hemiplegia

64. Multiple sclerosis

65. Nerve

66. Neuron

67. Otosclerosis

68. Panic disorder

69. Paralysis

70. Paranoia

71. Paranoid schizophrenia

72. Paraplegia

73. Parkinson’s disease

74. Peripheral nervous system

75. Post-traumatic stress syndrome

76. Quadriplegia

77. Reality orientation

78. Seizure

79. Stroke

80. Sundowner syndrome

81. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

82. Tremor

83. Vertigo

Immune System:

84. Antibody

85. Antigen

86. Auto Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

87. Carrier

88. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

 89. Immunity

90. Lymph node

91. T-cell

92. White blood cell

Cardiovascular System:

93. Anemia

94. Angina

95. Anti-embolic stockings:

96. Artery

97. Atherosclerosis

98. Blood

99. Capillary

100. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

101. Coronary artery disease

102. Dyspnea

103. Edema

104. Embolism

105. Heart

106. Hypertension

107. Hypoxia

108. Ischemia

109. Myocardial infarction

110. Orthopnea

111. Pacemaker

112. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

113. Phlebitis

114. Pulmonary edema

115. Sequential compression device (SCD)

116. Systole

117. Thrombus

118. Varicose vein

119. Vein

120. Vessel

Integumentary System:

121. Abrasion

122. Allergies

123. Bony prominences

124. Cyanotic

125. Debride

126. Decubitus ulcer

127. Dermis

128. Epidermis

129. Excoriation

130. Friction

131. Gangrene

132. Hematoma

133. Lesion

134. Necrosis

135. Pallor

136. Pediculosis

137. Pressure ulcer

138. Pruritus

139. Psoriasis

140. Scabies

141. Shearing

142. Skin

143. Skin tears

Gastrointestinal System:

144. Absorption

145. Bile

146. Bowel movement

147. Colon

148. Colostomy

149. Constipation

150. Defecation

151. Diarrhea

152. Digestion

153. Diverticulitis

154. Elimination

155. Enema

156. Fecal impaction

157. Feces

158. Flatus

159. Gastrectomy

160. Gastric tube

161. Hernia

162. Ileostomy

163. Nasogastric tube (NG)

164. Obstruction

165. Occult blood

166. Ostomy

167. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

168. Peristalsis

169. Stoma

170. Stool

171. Suppository

172. Ulcer

173. Urgency

174. Urostomy

Respiratory System:

175. Alveoli

176. Asthma

177. Bronchi

178. Carbon dioxide

179. Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)

180. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

181. Dyspnea

182. Emphysema

183. Expiration

184. Inspiration

185. Larynx

186. Lungs

187. Mucous

188. Nasal cannula

189. Nebulizer

190. Orthopnea

191. Oxygen mask

192. Pharynx

193. Pneumonia

194. Sputum

195. Tracheostomy

196. Tuberculosis (TB)

197. Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Musculoskeletal System:

198. Abduction

199. Adduction

200. Amputation

201. Arthritis

202. Atrophy

203. Bursitis

204. Contracture

205. Extension

206. Flexion

207. Fracture

208. Full weight-bearing (FWB)

209. Gout

210. Muscle

211. Muscular dystrophy

212. Osteoarthritis

213. Osteoporosis

214. Phantom pain

215. Pronation

216. Prosthesis

217. Range of Motion (ROM)

218. Rheumatoid arthritis

219. Rotation

220. Skeleton

221. Supination

222. Total hip arthroplasty

223. Trapeze

224. Vertebrae

Urinary System

225. Catheter

226. Calculi

227. Chronic renal failure

228. Clean catch

229. Condom catheter

230. Cystitis

231. Dialysis

232. Diuresis

233. Dysuria

234. End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

235. Hematuria

236. Indwelling catheter

237. Kidney

238. Micturition

239. Nephritis

240. Renal calculi

241. Retention

242. Specimens

243. Ureter

244. Urethra

245. Urinalysis

246. Urinary bladder

247. Urinary drainage bag

248. Urinary incontinence

249. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

250. Void

Reproductive System:

251. Benign prostatic hypertrophy

252. Chlamydia

253. Cystocele

254. Douche

255. Genitalia

256. Genital herpes

257. Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)

258. Gonorrhea

259. Hemorrhoid

260. Herpes simplex 2

261. Hormones

262. Hysterectomy

263. Mammogram

264. Mastectomy

265. Pelvis Inflammatory disease (PID)

266. Penis

267. Prostate gland

268. Rectocele

269. Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

270. Syphilis

271. Testes

272. Trichomoniasis

273. Uterus

274. Vagina

275. Venereal

276. Vulvovaginitis

Endocrine System:

277. Diabetes mellitus

278. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)

279. Glucose

280. Glycosuria

281. Goiter

282. Hormones

283. Hyperglycemia

284. Hypoglycemia

285. Insulin

286. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

287. Metabolism

288. Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

289. Pituitary gland

290. Thyroxine

Patient, resident, and client are synonymous terms referring to the person receiving care

CNA California Exam Vocabulary Sentences for Module 13

Long Term Care Resident Terms

1. An acute illness is severe and requires immediate medical attention.
2. Many elderly people live in assisted living facilities that provide some care while allowing them to maintain independence.
3. Diabetes is a chronic condition that lasts for a long time and requires ongoing management.
4. Arthritis can be debilitating, making it difficult for patients to perform daily activities.
5. Dementia causes memory loss and affects a person’s ability to think clearly.
6. Long-term care facilities provide 24-hour nursing services for residents who cannot care for themselves.
7. Reality orientation helps confused residents remember the date, time, and where they are.
8. Reminiscing about happy memories from the past can improve a resident’s mood.
9. All patients/residents deserve respectful and compassionate care.
10. A skilled nursing facility provides rehabilitation services and medical care for residents.
11. Subacute care is appropriate for patients who need more care than at home but less than in a hospital.
12. Validation therapy involves agreeing with residents to help them feel better about themselves.

Medical and Anatomical Terms

13. The anatomic position shows the body standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
14. Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.
15. The anterior part of the body is the front side.
16. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
17. Connective tissue holds organs and other body parts together.
18. Contractures occur when muscles become permanently shortened, limiting joint movement.
19. Disease is an abnormal change in the body that causes specific signs and symptoms.
20. The distal end of the arm is farther from the body’s center, like the fingers.
21. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities.
22. Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
23. The inferior part of the body is located below another part, toward the feet.
24. Joints are connections between bones that allow movement.
25. Lateral means away from the body’s midline, toward the side.
26. Membranes are thin sheets of tissue that line body cavities.
27. Muscle tissue has the ability to contract and cause body movement.
28. Nerve tissue carries electrical signals throughout the body.
29. An organ is made up of different tissues working together, like the heart or lungs.
30. The peritoneum is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
31. Physiology is the study of how the body functions.
32. The posterior part of the body is the back side.
33. A prefix is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
34. The proximal end of the arm is closer to the body’s center, like the shoulder.
35. A suffix is added to the end of a word to change its meaning.
36. The superior part of the body is located above another part, toward the head.
37. A system is a group of organs working together, like the respiratory system.
38. Traction involves pulling or stretching to align bones or relieve pressure.

Nervous System Terms

39. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss in the center of the visual field.
40. An agitated resident may be restless, anxious, or upset.
41. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and confusion.
42. Aphasia is the loss of ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs.
43. Autonomic dysreflexia is a dangerous condition that causes extremely high blood pressure.
44. Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood swings from depression to mania.
45. The brain controls all body functions and houses consciousness and memory.
46. A cataract causes clouding of the eye’s lens, making vision blurry.
47. A catastrophic reaction is an unpredictable violent outburst from a person with dementia.
48. Cerebral palsy affects movement and posture due to brain damage before birth.
49. A Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) or stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked.
50. A concussion is a brain injury caused by a blow to the head.
51. Confusion means being disoriented about time, place, or identity.
52. Delirium is a sudden change in attention, perception, and thinking ability.
53. A delusion is a false belief that seems real to the person experiencing it.
54. Dementia causes a gradual decline in memory and thinking abilities.
55. A developmentally disabled person has intellectual functioning below average.
56. Disruptive behavior disturbs others and interferes with care activities.
57. Elopement occurs when a resident leaves the facility without permission.
58. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes seizures.
59. Generalized anxiety creates feelings of worry and fear without a specific cause.
60. Glaucoma increases eye pressure and can lead to blindness if untreated.
61. A hallucination involves seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not really there.
62. Hemianopsia is the loss of vision in half of both visual fields.
63. Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body.
64. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that damages the nervous system progressively.
65. A nerve carries electrical signals between the brain and body parts.
66. A neuron is a nerve cell that processes and transmits information.
67. Otosclerosis causes hearing loss due to abnormal bone growth in the ear.
68. Panic disorder causes sudden, intense episodes of fear and anxiety.
69. Paralysis is the loss of movement and feeling in part of the body.
70. Paranoia involves unrealistic feelings of persecution or suspicion.
71. Paranoid schizophrenia is a mental disorder with delusions and hallucinations.
72. Paraplegia is paralysis of both legs and sometimes the lower trunk.
73. Parkinson’s disease causes tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement.
74. The peripheral nervous system includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
75. Post-traumatic stress syndrome develops after experiencing a traumatic event.
76. Quadriplegia is paralysis of all four limbs.
77. Reality orientation helps residents stay connected to the present time and place.
78. A seizure involves involuntary shaking and jerking of the body.
79. A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted.
80. Sundowner syndrome causes increased confusion and agitation in the evening.
81. A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a mini-stroke with temporary symptoms.
82. A tremor is involuntary shaking, especially of the hands.
83. Vertigo creates a spinning sensation and dizziness.

Immune System Terms

84. An antibody is a protein that fights infections in the blood.
85. An antigen is a substance that triggers the immune system to respond.
86. Auto Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) severely weakens the body’s immune system.
87. A carrier has an infectious disease but shows no symptoms.
88. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS.
89. Immunity is the body’s ability to resist infection and disease.
90. Lymph nodes filter harmful substances and contain infection-fighting cells.
91. T-cells are white blood cells that play a key role in immune responses.
92. White blood cells defend the body against infections and foreign materials.

Cardiovascular System Terms

93. Anemia occurs when the body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells.
94. Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
95. Anti-embolic stockings prevent blood clots by promoting circulation in the legs.
96. An artery carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to body tissues.
97. Atherosclerosis occurs when fatty deposits narrow the arteries.
98. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
99. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged.
100. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) means the heart cannot pump blood effectively.
101. Coronary artery disease reduces blood supply to the heart muscle.
102. Dyspnea is difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
103. Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.
104. An embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel.
105. The heart pumps blood throughout the body continuously.
106. Hypertension means blood pressure is consistently too high.
107. Hypoxia is a lack of adequate oxygen in body tissues.
108. Ischemia occurs when blood flow to body tissues is reduced.
109. A myocardial infarction is a heart attack caused by blocked coronary arteries.
110. Orthopnea means breathing is easier when sitting or standing upright.
111. A pacemaker regulates the heart’s rhythm and rate.
112. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) affects blood circulation in arms and legs.
113. Phlebitis is inflammation of a blood vessel, usually a vein.
114. Pulmonary edema is dangerous fluid accumulation in the lungs.
115. A Sequential compression device (SCD) prevents blood clots in the legs.
116. Systole is when the heart contracts to pump blood out.
117. A thrombus is a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel.
118. Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins usually seen in the legs.
119. A vein carries blood back to the heart from body tissues.
120. A vessel is any tube that carries blood through the body.

Integumentary System Terms

121. An abrasion is a scrape or scratch on the skin surface.
122. Allergies cause abnormal reactions to normally harmless substances.
123. Bony prominences are areas where bones are close to the skin surface.
124. Cyanotic skin appears blue due to lack of oxygen.
125. To debride means to remove dead tissue from a wound.
126. A decubitus ulcer is a pressure sore that develops from prolonged bed rest.
127. The dermis is the thick middle layer of skin.
128. The epidermis is the thin outer layer of skin.
129. Excoriation is skin irritation caused by scratching or rubbing.
130. Friction occurs when two surfaces rub against each other.
131. Gangrene is tissue death due to lack of blood supply.
132. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood under the skin.
133. A lesion is any abnormal change in skin tissue.
134. Necrosis is the death of cells or tissue.
135. Pallor is unusual paleness of the skin.
136. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body or scalp.
137. A pressure ulcer develops when constant pressure cuts off blood flow to skin.
138. Pruritus is severe itching of the skin.
139. Psoriasis causes red, scaly patches on the skin.
140. Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by tiny mites.
141. Shearing occurs when skin moves in one direction while underlying tissue moves another way.
142. Skin is the body’s largest organ and provides protection from the environment.
143. Skin tears are wounds where the top layer of skin is partially or completely separated.

Gastrointestinal System Terms

144. Absorption is when digested nutrients enter the bloodstream.
145. Bile helps break down fats during digestion.
146. A bowel movement is the elimination of waste from the intestines.
147. The colon is the large intestine that processes waste.
148. A colostomy creates an opening in the abdomen for waste elimination.
149. Constipation means having difficulty passing hard, dry stool.
150. Defecation is the act of having a bowel movement.
151. Diarrhea involves frequent, loose, watery bowel movements.
152. Digestion breaks down food so the body can use nutrients.
153. Diverticulitis is inflammation in pouches that form in the colon wall.
154. Elimination is the removal of waste products from the body.
155. An enema involves putting fluid into the rectum to stimulate bowel movements.
156. Fecal impaction occurs when hard stool becomes stuck in the rectum.
157. Feces is solid waste eliminated from the body.
158. Flatus is gas that passes through the digestive system.
159. A gastrectomy is surgical removal of part or all of the stomach.
160. A gastric tube is inserted into the stomach for feeding or drainage.
161. A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through a weak spot in muscle.
162. An ileostomy creates an opening from the small intestine to outside the body.
163. A nasogastric tube (NG) goes through the nose into the stomach.
164. An obstruction is a blockage that prevents normal flow.
165. Occult blood in stool cannot be seen without special testing.
166. An ostomy is any surgical opening from an internal organ to the outside.
167. A Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube provides nutrition directly to the stomach.
168. Peristalsis moves food through the digestive tract with muscle contractions.
169. A stoma is the visible opening created during ostomy surgery.
170. Stool is another word for feces or bowel movement.
171. A suppository is medication inserted into the rectum or vagina.
172. An ulcer is an open sore in the stomach or intestinal lining.
173. Urgency means needing to have a bowel movement immediately.
174. A urostomy diverts urine from the bladder to an opening in the abdomen.

Respiratory System Terms

175. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
176. Asthma causes airways to narrow, making breathing difficult.
177. Bronchi are large airways that carry air into the lungs.
178. Carbon dioxide is a waste gas that the lungs remove from the body.
179. Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) can cause fluid to back up into the lungs.
180. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) makes breathing progressively more difficult.
181. Dyspnea is the medical term for shortness of breath.
182. Emphysema damages the air sacs in the lungs.
183. Expiration is breathing out or exhaling air from the lungs.
184. Inspiration is breathing in or inhaling air into the lungs.
185. The larynx contains the vocal cords and helps produce speech.
186. The lungs are the main organs of breathing and gas exchange.
187. Mucous is a sticky substance that traps dust and germs in airways.
188. A nasal cannula delivers oxygen through small tubes in the nostrils.
189. A nebulizer creates a fine mist of medication for inhalation.
190. Orthopnea means breathing is easier when sitting or standing upright.
191. An oxygen mask covers the nose and mouth to deliver concentrated oxygen.
192. The pharynx is the throat area that connects the nose and mouth to airways.
193. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames air sacs in the lungs.
194. Sputum is mucous coughed up from the respiratory tract.
195. A tracheostomy creates a breathing opening directly into the trachea.
196. Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious lung infection that spreads through the air.
197. An upper respiratory infection (URI) affects the nose, throat, and sinuses.

Musculoskeletal System Terms

198. Abduction moves a body part away from the center of the body.
199. Adduction moves a body part toward the center of the body.
200. Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or body part.
201. Arthritis causes joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness.
202. Atrophy occurs when muscles shrink from lack of use.
203. Bursitis is inflammation of fluid-filled sacs around joints.
204. A contracture permanently shortens muscles and limits joint movement.
205. Extension straightens a joint by increasing the angle between bones.
206. Flexion bends a joint by decreasing the angle between bones.
207. A fracture is a break in a bone.
208. Full weight-bearing (FWB) means a person can put their complete weight on both legs.
209. Gout is a form of arthritis that causes sudden, severe joint pain.
210. Muscle tissue contracts to create movement and maintain posture.
211. Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that weaken muscles over time.
212. Osteoarthritis causes joint cartilage to break down with age.
213. Osteoporosis makes bones weak and more likely to break.
214. Phantom pain is felt in a body part that has been amputated.
215. Pronation turns the palm downward or inward.
216. A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for a missing body part.
217. Range of Motion (ROM) exercises move joints through their full movement.
218. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks joints.
219. Rotation turns a body part around its central axis.
220. The skeleton provides structure and protects internal organs.
221. Supination turns the palm upward or outward.
222. Total hip arthroplasty replaces a damaged hip joint with an artificial one.
223. A trapeze bar helps residents move and reposition themselves in bed.
224. Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the spine.

Urinary System Terms

225. A catheter is a tube used to drain urine from the bladder.
226. Calculi are kidney stones made of mineral deposits.
227. Chronic renal failure means the kidneys gradually stop working properly.
228. A clean catch urine sample avoids contamination from surrounding skin.
229. A condom catheter fits over the penis to collect urine externally.
230. Cystitis is inflammation or infection of the bladder.
231. Dialysis artificially filters waste when kidneys cannot function.
232. Diuresis is increased urine production by the kidneys.
233. Dysuria means painful or difficult urination.
234. End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requires dialysis or kidney transplant to survive.
235. Hematuria is blood in the urine.
236. An indwelling catheter remains in the bladder to continuously drain urine.
237. The kidneys filter waste and excess water from the blood.
238. Micturition is the medical term for urination.
239. Nephritis is inflammation or infection of the kidneys.
240. Renal calculi are kidney stones that can block urine flow.
241. Retention means being unable to empty the bladder completely.
242. Specimens are samples of body fluids collected for laboratory testing.
243. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
244. The urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
245. Urinalysis is laboratory testing of urine to check for problems.
246. The urinary bladder stores urine until it is ready to be eliminated.
247. A urinary drainage bag collects urine from a catheter.
248. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine.
249. A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) can affect any part of the urinary system.
250. To void means to urinate or empty the bladder.

Reproductive System Terms

251. Benign prostatic hypertrophy is non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
252. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection.
253. A cystocele occurs when the bladder pushes into the vaginal wall.
254. A douche rinses the vaginal canal with fluid.
255. Genitalia refers to the external reproductive organs.
256. Genital herpes is a viral infection of the reproductive organs.
257. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) can cause genital warts and certain cancers.
258. Gonorrhea is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection.
259. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal area.
260. Herpes simplex 2 causes painful blisters on the genitals.
261. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands.
262. A hysterectomy is surgical removal of the uterus.
263. A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breasts.
264. A mastectomy is surgical removal of all or part of a breast.
265. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is infection of female reproductive organs.
266. The penis is the male organ for reproduction and urination.
267. The prostate gland surrounds the male urethra and produces seminal fluid.
268. A rectocele occurs when the rectum pushes into the vaginal wall.
269. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) spreads through sexual contact.
270. Syphilis is a serious bacterial infection spread through sexual contact.
271. The testes produce sperm and male hormones.
272. Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection that affects the reproductive system.
273. The uterus is where a fetus develops during pregnancy.
274. The vagina is the female reproductive canal.
275. Venereal diseases are infections spread through sexual contact.
276. Vulvovaginitis is inflammation of the vulva and vagina.

Endocrine System Terms

277. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body cannot properly use or produce insulin.
278. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) measures glucose levels after not eating for 8 hours.
279. Glucose is a simple sugar that provides energy for body cells.
280. Glycosuria is sugar found in the urine.
281. A goiter is enlargement of the thyroid gland.
282. Hormones regulate body functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
283. Hyperglycemia means blood sugar levels are too high.
284. Hypoglycemia means blood sugar levels are too low.
285. Insulin helps cells use glucose for energy.
286. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) requires insulin injections daily.
287. Metabolism is how the body converts food into energy.
288. Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) can often be controlled with diet and oral medication.
289. The pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands and is called the “master gland.”
290. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism.

Module 13: 10 CNA Dialogues for English Learners

Dialogue 1: Morning Assessment in Long-Term Care

CNA Sarah: Good morning, Mrs. Johnson. How are you feeling today?

Resident: I’m having trouble breathing, dear. It feels worse when I lie down.

CNA Sarah: That sounds like orthopnea. Let me help you sit up higher. Do you have any chest pain or edema in your legs?

Resident: My ankles are a bit swollen, and I feel dizzy when I stand.

CNA Sarah: I’ll check your blood pressure and listen to your heart. We may need to contact the nurse about possible congestive heart failure symptoms.

Key Vocabulary: orthopnea, edema, congestive heart failure, blood pressure, heart

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Dialogue 2: Assisting with Personal Care

CNA Maria: Mr. Davis, it’s time for your bath. I noticed some redness on your back yesterday.

Resident: It’s been bothering me. The area feels tender.

CNA Maria: I see some skin breakdown near your tailbone. This could develop into a pressure ulcer if we’re not careful. Let me check your bony prominences.

Resident: Will it get worse?

CNA Maria: We can prevent it by turning you frequently and keeping your skin clean and dry. I’ll also apply a protective barrier cream.

Key Vocabulary: pressure ulcer, bony prominences, skin breakdown, skin

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Dialogue 3: Medication and Diabetes Care

CNA Tom: Mrs. Garcia, I need to check your blood sugar before breakfast.

Resident: It was high yesterday. I’m worried about my diabetes.

CNA Tom: Your glucose level is 180, which shows hyperglycemia. The nurse will adjust your insulin dose accordingly.

Resident: I sometimes feel shaky and weak in the afternoon.

CNA Tom: That could be hypoglycemia – low blood sugar. We’ll monitor you more closely and make sure you eat regular meals.

Key Vocabulary: glucose, diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin, hypoglycemia

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Dialogue 4: Mobility and Physical Therapy

CNA Lisa: Mr. Thompson, the physical therapist wants you to practice walking today.

Resident: My joints are so stiff, especially my knees. I have arthritis.

CNA Lisa: We’ll start with some range of motion exercises first. Can you try to flex your knee?

Resident: It’s hard to move. My muscles feel weak.

CNA Lisa: That’s called muscle atrophy. The more we exercise, the stronger you’ll become. Let’s also work on extension movements.

Key Vocabulary: joints, arthritis, range of motion, flex, muscles, muscle atrophy, extension

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Dialogue 5: Respiratory Care

CNA David: Mr. Wilson, you’re scheduled for your nebulizer treatment.

Resident: I’ve been coughing up a lot of sputum, and I feel short of breath.

CNA David: That dyspnea is common with COPD. The medication will help open your airways.

Resident: Sometimes I can’t catch my breath at all.

CNA David: The oxygen therapy should help. After your treatment, we’ll practice deep breathing exercises to strengthen your lungs.

Key Vocabulary: nebulizer, sputum, dyspnea, COPD, airways, oxygen therapy, lungs

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Dialogue 6: Neurological Assessment

CNA Rachel: Mrs. Brown, can you tell me what day it is?

Resident: I… I’m not sure. Everything seems foggy today.

CNA Rachel: You seem to have some confusion today. This might be delirium from your infection.

Resident: I keep seeing things that aren’t there.

CNA Rachel: Those hallucinations are concerning. I’ll notify the nurse immediately. We may need to start reality orientation to help you stay focused.

Key Vocabulary: confusion, delirium, hallucinations, reality orientation

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Dialogue 7: Digestive System Care

CNA James: Mr. Rodriguez, when was your last bowel movement?

Resident: I haven’t gone in three days. My stomach hurts.

CNA James: That constipation is common. Do you feel bloated or have any abdominal pain?

Resident: Yes, and I haven’t been eating much.

CNA James: I’ll document this for the nurse. We may need to give you a stool softener or increase your fiber intake to help with elimination.

Key Vocabulary: bowel movement, constipation, abdominal pain, stool softener, elimination

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Dialogue 8: Urinary Care

CNA Kelly: Mrs. Lee, I need to empty your urinary drainage bag.

Resident: I’ve been having burning when I urinate.

CNA Kelly: That dysuria could indicate a urinary tract infection. I notice your urine looks cloudy too.

Resident: I also feel like I need to go constantly.

CNA Kelly: That urgency is another UTI symptom. I’ll collect a urine specimen for testing and increase your fluid intake.

Key Vocabulary: urinary drainage bag, dysuria, urinary tract infection, urine, urgency, urine specimen

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Dialogue 9: Mental Health and Dementia Care

CNA Patricia: Good afternoon, Mr. Johnson. Do you remember me?

Resident: You look familiar, but I can’t place you. I’m so confused.

CNA Patricia: That’s okay. You have dementia, which affects your memory. I’m Patricia, your nursing assistant.

Resident: I want to go home! Where is my wife?

CNA Patricia: I understand you’re agitated. Let’s try some reminiscing about your wife. Can you tell me about her?

Key Vocabulary: dementia, memory, agitated, reminiscing

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Dialogue 10: Emergency Situation

CNA Robert: Mrs. Davis, are you alright? You look pale.

Resident: I feel dizzy and my chest is tight. I can’t breathe well.

CNA Robert: You’re showing signs of pallor and dyspnea. This could be a heart attack or stroke symptom.

Resident: My left arm is numb and tingling.

CNA Robert: I’m calling for immediate help. Try to stay calm while I check your pulse and blood pressure. This could be a myocardial infarction.

Key Vocabulary: pallor, dyspnea, heart attack, stroke, pulse, blood pressure, myocardial infarction

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Practice Notes for English Learners:

• Pronunciation Focus: Practice medical terms slowly, breaking them into syllables
• Cultural Context: Learn professional, caring communication styles
• Documentation: Practice writing brief, clear notes about patient conditions
• Emergency Phrases: Memorize key phrases for urgent situations
• Patient Comfort: Use gentle, reassuring language when discussing medical conditions