CNA Professional Dialogues for Adult English Learners
Dialogue 1: Morning Greeting and Vital Signs
Setting: Patient’s room, 7:00 AM
Characters: Maria (CNA), Mr. Johnson (elderly patient)
Maria: Good morning, Mr. Johnson! How did you sleep last night?
Mr. Johnson: Oh, not too bad, Maria. I woke up a few times, but I managed to get back to sleep.
Maria: I’m glad you were able to rest. I’m here to check your vital signs this morning. Is that okay with you?
Mr. Johnson: Sure, go ahead.
Maria: Thank you. First, I’ll take your temperature. Please keep this thermometer under your tongue until it beeps. There we go. Your temperature is 98.6 degrees—that’s perfectly normal. Now, may I check your blood pressure?
Mr. Johnson: Yes, but sometimes it makes my arm feel tight.
Maria: You’re absolutely right. You’ll feel some pressure, but it should only last about 30 seconds. Let me know if it becomes uncomfortable. wraps cuff around arm Just relax your arm for me. Perfect.
Mr. Johnson: waits quietly
Maria: All done! Your blood pressure is 128 over 82—that’s within a good range. Now I’ll check your pulse. gently places fingers on wrist I’m counting for a full minute, so just relax.
Mr. Johnson: You’re very gentle. Some of the other nurses rush through this.
Maria: I appreciate you saying that. Taking accurate vital signs is really important for your care. Your pulse is 76 beats per minute and very steady. Everything looks good this morning. Do you have any concerns you’d like me to share with the nurse?
Mr. Johnson: No, I think I’m doing alright.
Maria: Wonderful. I’ll be back in about an hour to help you with your breakfast. Is there anything you need right now?
Mr. Johnson: Could you open the curtains a little? I’d like to see outside.
Maria: Of course! Let me get that for you. opens curtains How’s that?
Mr. Johnson: Perfect. Thank you, Maria.
Maria: You’re very welcome. I’ll see you soon.
Dialogue 2: Assisting with Bathing
Setting: Patient’s bathroom, 9:00 AM
Characters: James (CNA), Mrs. Chen (stroke patient with limited mobility)
James: Good morning, Mrs. Chen. I’m here to help you with your bath today. Would you prefer to bathe now or wait until after breakfast?
Mrs. Chen: I’d like to bathe now, please. I’ll feel better.
James: That’s perfectly fine. I want to make sure you’re comfortable and safe during your bath. The water temperature will be warm, but please tell me if it’s too hot or too cold, okay?
Mrs. Chen: nods Okay.
James: I’ve brought you a fresh towel and washcloth. I’ll help you get undressed and then assist you into the shower chair. We’ll take it slowly. There’s no rush at all.
Mrs. Chen: I feel embarrassed that I need help with this.
James: Mrs. Chen, please don’t feel embarrassed. This is my job, and I’m here to help you maintain your dignity and independence as much as possible. Many patients need assistance after a stroke, and it’s a normal part of recovery. You’re doing really well with your therapy.
Mrs. Chen: Thank you for understanding.
James: Of course. Now, I’m going to help you stand up. I’ll support you on your weaker side. On the count of three, okay? One, two, three. assists patient to stand Great job. Now, let’s take small steps to the shower chair.
Mrs. Chen: moves slowly with support
James: You’re doing wonderfully. helps patient sit Now you’re seated safely. I’m going to turn on the water. Let me test the temperature first. runs water over hand How does this feel? lets water run over patient’s hand
Mrs. Chen: That’s good. Nice and warm.
James: Perfect. I’ll hand you the washcloth, and you can wash your face and any areas you can reach comfortably. I’ll assist with your back and any other areas that are difficult for you. Is that alright?
Mrs. Chen: Yes, thank you.
James: Take your time. I’m right here if you need anything. You’re doing an excellent job.
Dialogue 3: Responding to Pain Complaints
Setting: Shared patient room, afternoon
Characters: Sarah (CNA), Mr. Rodriguez (post-surgery patient)
Mr. Rodriguez: grimacing Excuse me, Sarah?
Sarah: approaches bed Yes, Mr. Rodriguez? You look uncomfortable. Are you in pain?
Mr. Rodriguez: Yes, my incision really hurts. It’s getting worse.
Sarah: I’m sorry you’re experiencing pain. That must be very uncomfortable. Can you describe the pain for me? Is it sharp, dull, burning, or throbbing?
Mr. Rodriguez: It’s sharp, like someone is stabbing me.
Sarah: I understand. On a scale of zero to ten, with zero being no pain and ten being the worst pain you’ve ever felt, what number would you give your pain right now?
Mr. Rodriguez: It’s about an eight. It’s really bad.
Sarah: Thank you for telling me. That’s important information. When did you notice the pain getting worse?
Mr. Rodriguez: About twenty minutes ago. It just keeps getting stronger.
Sarah: I’m going to get the nurse right away so we can help you feel more comfortable. Let me also check when you last received pain medication. checks chart I see you’re due for medication in about fifteen minutes, but given your pain level, the nurse needs to evaluate you first. Is there anything I can do to make you more comfortable while I get the nurse? Would you like me to adjust your pillows or your position?
Mr. Rodriguez: Maybe if I lie back a little more?
Sarah: Let me help you. I’m going to raise the head of your bed slightly and add a pillow for support. adjusts bed How does that feel?
Mr. Rodriguez: A little better, thank you.
Sarah: You’re welcome. I’m going to step out and get Nurse Thompson right now. She’ll come and assess your pain and make sure everything is healing properly. I’ll be back with her in just a moment. Try to take slow, deep breaths if you can. That sometimes helps with pain.
Mr. Rodriguez: Okay, thank you for helping me.
Sarah: Of course. That’s what I’m here for. I’ll be right back.
Sarah leaves and returns with the nurse two minutes later
Sarah: Mr. Rodriguez, I brought Nurse Thompson as I promised.
Nurse Thompson: Hello, Mr. Rodriguez. Sarah told me you’re having significant pain. Let’s take a look and get you some relief.
Dialogue 4: Assisting with Meals
Setting: Patient’s room, lunchtime
Characters: David (CNA), Mrs. Patterson (elderly patient with dementia)
David: Hello, Mrs. Patterson! It’s lunchtime. I’ve brought your lunch tray. Are you hungry?
Mrs. Patterson: looks confused Who are you?
David: My name is David, and I’m your nursing assistant today. I’m here to help you with lunch. You have chicken soup, crackers, and some fruit. Doesn’t that smell good?
Mrs. Patterson: I suppose so. Where’s my daughter?
David: Your daughter visited yesterday, remember? She’ll be back to see you tomorrow afternoon. Right now, let’s focus on eating some lunch so you keep your strength up. May I help you sit up?
Mrs. Patterson: Alright.
David: raises bed and arranges pillows There we go. You’re sitting up nicely. Let me put this tray table in front of you. arranges tray Now, would you like to try the soup first? It’s chicken noodle—nice and warm.
Mrs. Patterson: I can’t remember if I like chicken soup.
David: Well, let’s try a little taste and see. I have your spoon right here. fills spoon with small amount How about this?
Mrs. Patterson: tastes soup Oh, that is good.
David: I’m so glad you like it! Would you like to hold the spoon yourself, or would you like me to help you?
Mrs. Patterson: I think I need help. My hands are shaky today.
David: That’s perfectly fine. I’m happy to help. We’ll take our time and enjoy this meal together. offers another spoonful Here we go. Make sure we have small bites so it’s easy to swallow.
Mrs. Patterson: eats slowly
David: You’re doing great. How about a sip of water between bites? holds cup with straw That’s it. We want to make sure you stay hydrated.
Mrs. Patterson: Thank you. You’re very patient with me.
David: You’re very welcome, Mrs. Patterson. There’s no rush. We have plenty of time. Would you like to try some crackers with your soup?
Mrs. Patterson: Yes, please.
David: breaks cracker into small pieces Here you go. You’re eating very well today. I’m proud of you.
Dialogue 5: Helping with Ambulation
Setting: Hospital corridor, physical therapy time
Characters: Lisa (CNA), Mr. Thompson (recovering from hip replacement)
Lisa: Good afternoon, Mr. Thompson. The physical therapist asked me to help you take a walk in the hallway. Are you ready to get some exercise?
Mr. Thompson: I’m a bit nervous. My hip still feels weak.
Lisa: It’s completely normal to feel nervous, and it’s okay to feel weak—you just had surgery five days ago. That’s why I’m here to support you. We’ll go at your pace, and we can stop whenever you need to rest. Does that sound alright?
Mr. Thompson: Okay. I trust you.
Lisa: Thank you. That means a lot. First, let’s get you sitting on the edge of the bed. I’m going to help you swing your legs around. Remember to move your surgical leg carefully. assists patient Excellent. Now, sit here for a moment. Do you feel dizzy at all?
Mr. Thompson: No, I feel okay.
Lisa: Perfect. That’s a good sign. Now, I’m going to help you stand using your walker. Place both hands firmly on the walker handles. I’ll count to three, and then you’ll push up while I support you. Ready? One, two, three. assists patient to standing position
Mr. Thompson: stands with support Whew! I’m up!
Lisa: You did that beautifully! Well done. How do you feel standing?
Mr. Thompson: A little wobbly, but okay.
Lisa: That’s expected. Stand here for a few seconds to get your balance. I’m right beside you. I won’t let you fall.
Mr. Thompson: Thank you.
Lisa: Now, we’re going to take small steps. Move the walker forward just a little bit, then step with your non-surgical leg first, then bring your surgical leg forward. I’ll be right here supporting you. Let’s start when you’re ready.
Mr. Thompson: moves walker and takes hesitant step Like this?
Lisa: Exactly like that! Perfect form. You’re doing this correctly. Take another step when you’re ready. There’s no hurry.
Mr. Thompson: continues walking slowly
Lisa: Wonderful! You’re doing so well. We’ve already walked ten feet. How are you feeling?
Mr. Thompson: Tired, but good.
Lisa: That’s great progress. Would you like to continue to the nurses’ station, or would you prefer to rest?
Mr. Thompson: Let’s go to the nurses’ station.
Lisa: Excellent goal! Let’s keep going at this nice, steady pace. You’re getting stronger every day.
Dialogue 6: Managing Agitation
Setting: Patient’s room, evening
Characters: Robert (CNA), Mrs. Williams (anxious patient with dementia)
Mrs. Williams: pacing and wringing hands I need to go home! I need to feed my cats! Where are my keys?
Robert: approaches calmly Mrs. Williams, my name is Robert. I can see you’re worried about your cats. That must be stressful for you.
Mrs. Williams: Yes! They need me! I have to go home right now!
Robert: I understand you’re concerned about them. Your cats are very important to you. Tell me about your cats. What are their names?
Mrs. Williams: pauses I have Whiskers and Fluffy. They’re waiting for me.
Robert: Whiskers and Fluffy—those are lovely names. What do they look like?
Mrs. Williams: calming slightly Whiskers is gray and white, and Fluffy is orange. She’s very fat. small smile
Robert: smiles warmly Fluffy sounds adorable. I bet she’s beautiful. Mrs. Williams, your daughter called earlier. She said she’s been to your house, and she’s feeding Whiskers and Fluffy. They’re doing just fine. They have food and water.
Mrs. Williams: still agitated but listening She did? She’s taking care of them?
Robert: Yes, she is. She loves those cats too, and she wants you to focus on getting better so you can go home and see them soon. Right now, it’s getting dark outside. Why don’t we sit down together for a few minutes? Would you like to look at some magazines or maybe watch some television?
Mrs. Williams: I don’t know… I’m just so worried.
Robert: I know you are, and that’s because you’re a caring person. But your cats are safe, and you’re safe here. We’re taking good care of you. gently guides toward chair Let’s sit here by the window. Look, you can see the sunset. It’s beautiful tonight.
Mrs. Williams: sits down It is pretty.
Robert: It really is. How about I bring you some warm tea? Would you like that?
Mrs. Williams: sighing Yes, thank you. That would be nice.
Robert: I’ll be right back with your tea. You just relax and enjoy the view.
Dialogue 7: End-of-Life Care and Family Support
Setting: Private patient room, quiet afternoon
Characters: Michelle (CNA), Mr. Anderson (hospice patient), Mrs. Anderson (patient’s wife)
Michelle: speaks softly Hello, Mrs. Anderson. How are you holding up today?
Mrs. Anderson: tearfully I’m okay. I just don’t want to leave his side.
Michelle: I completely understand. You’re right where you should be. How long have you been here today?
Mrs. Anderson: Since early this morning. I haven’t eaten anything.
Michelle: Mrs. Anderson, I know this is an incredibly difficult time. Your husband needs you to be strong, and to be strong, you need to take care of yourself too. Why don’t I sit with Mr. Anderson while you go to the cafeteria for just twenty minutes? I promise I’ll come get you immediately if there’s any change.
Mrs. Anderson: I don’t know… What if something happens while I’m gone?
Michelle: I understand your fear. I’ll be right here with him, holding his hand and talking to him softly. He won’t be alone for even one second. You have my word.
Mrs. Anderson: hesitates Alright. Just twenty minutes.
Michelle: Take your time. Eat something nutritious. You need your strength. Mrs. Anderson leaves
Michelle: sits beside Mr. Anderson, takes his hand gently Hello, Mr. Anderson. It’s Michelle. Your wife just stepped out to get some food. She’s been here all day because she loves you so much. You’re a lucky man to be so loved.
continues speaking softly I’m going to make sure you’re comfortable. Let me adjust your pillow slightly. gently adjusts pillow There we go. I’m going to put some moisturizer on your lips so they don’t get dry. applies lip balm carefully
Your breathing sounds peaceful. I’m right here with you. You’re not alone.
Mrs. Anderson returns twenty minutes later
Mrs. Anderson: Thank you so much, Michelle. Did everything stay the same?
Michelle: Yes, he’s been very peaceful. I talked to him and kept him company. Did you manage to eat something?
Mrs. Anderson: I had some soup. You were right—I needed it.
Michelle: I’m glad. Mrs. Anderson, you’re doing an amazing job. Your love and presence mean everything to him. Is there anything I can get for either of you? More pillows? Some water? Anything at all?
Mrs. Anderson: Maybe some water would be good.
Michelle: Of course. I’ll be right back. returns with water Here you are. I’ll be checking in regularly, but if you need me for anything at all, please press the call button. I’ll come right away.
Mrs. Anderson: Thank you for being so kind to both of us.
Michelle: It’s an honor to care for you and your husband during this time. You’re both in my thoughts.
Dialogue 8: Assisting with Toileting
Setting: Patient’s room, mid-morning
Characters: Angela (CNA), Mr. Davis (elderly patient with limited mobility)
Mr. Davis: presses call button
Angela: enters room promptly Hello, Mr. Davis. I’m Angela. How can I help you?
Mr. Davis: embarrassed I need to use the bathroom, but I’m not sure I can make it in time.
Angela: That’s absolutely fine. You did the right thing by calling me. I’m here to help you. We have a few options. You can use the bedpan here, or I can help you walk to the bathroom with your walker, or we can use the bedside commode. Which would you prefer?
Mr. Davis: I’d really like to try to get to the bathroom. I hate feeling so helpless.
Angela: You’re not helpless at all—you’re recovering, and asking for help is actually very smart and safe. Let’s get you to the bathroom. I’ll help you every step of the way. First, let me get your walker positioned. places walker beside bed
Now, I’m going to help you sit up and swing your legs to the side of the bed. Take your time. assists patient Good. How do you feel? Any dizziness?
Mr. Davis: No, I’m okay.
Angela: Excellent. Now, let’s stand up together. I’m going to support you. Ready? On three. One, two, three. helps patient stand Perfect! You’re doing great. Now, grab onto the walker with both hands. I’m going to walk right beside you with my hand on your back for support. We’ll take small, slow steps.
Mr. Davis: begins walking slowly This walker is so awkward.
Angela: You’re managing it very well. Just a few more steps. We’re almost there. guides patient to bathroom Here we are. Would you like me to stay right outside the door, or would you prefer I stay inside the bathroom with you for safety?
Mr. Davis: Outside is fine. I can manage from here.
Angela: Alright. I’ll be right outside this door. I’m not going anywhere. When you’re finished, please call out to me, and I’ll come help you wash your hands and walk back to bed. Take all the time you need. There’s no rush.
Mr. Davis: from inside Okay, thank you.
After a few minutes
Mr. Davis: Angela? I’m ready.
Angela: enters Great! Let me help you to the sink to wash your hands. assists patient Now, nice warm water. Here’s the soap. helps with handwashing All clean! Let’s get you back to bed so you can rest. You must be tired after that walk.
Mr. Davis: I am tired, but I’m glad I could do it.
Angela: You should be very proud of yourself. You did wonderfully. Let’s get you comfortable in bed. assists patient back to bed There we go. Let me adjust your pillows. How’s that?
Mr. Davis: Much better. Thank you for being so patient and respectful.
Angela: Always. That’s what I’m here for. Your dignity and comfort are very important to me.
Dialogue 9: Dealing with a Confused Patient
Setting: Patient’s room, late evening
Characters: Kevin (CNA), Mrs. Martinez (confused elderly patient)
Mrs. Martinez: calling out Nurse! Nurse! I need help!
Kevin: enters calmly Good evening. My name is Kevin, and I’m a nursing assistant. I’m here to help you. What do you need?
Mrs. Martinez: Where am I? This isn’t my bedroom! Someone moved all my furniture!
Kevin: speaks calmly and clearly Mrs. Martinez, you’re in the hospital. You’re here because you had a fall at home yesterday. You’re safe here. We’re taking care of you.
Mrs. Martinez: A fall? I don’t remember falling. I want to go home!
Kevin: I understand you want to go home. This must be confusing and scary for you. The doctors want to make sure you’re healthy and safe before you go home. You’re doing well, and hopefully you can go home soon.
Mrs. Martinez: But I don’t know you! Where’s my husband?
Kevin: Your husband visited you this afternoon. It’s nighttime now—it’s 9:30 in the evening. He went home to get some rest, but he’ll be back tomorrow morning. He loves you very much.
Mrs. Martinez: becoming more agitated I don’t believe you! Something’s wrong!
Kevin: remains calm and gentle Mrs. Martinez, I know this is frightening. It’s okay to feel scared. But you’re safe. Look around the room—you can see medical equipment, your hospital bed, and there’s a window over there. See the moon? It’s a beautiful night.
Mrs. Martinez: looks around, slightly calming I see the moon.
Kevin: That’s right. You’re in room 342 at Mercy Hospital. My name is Kevin, and I’m going to take care of you tonight. Is there something I can do to help you feel more comfortable? Would you like some water? Or maybe I could turn on the TV for you?
Mrs. Martinez: I’m thirsty.
Kevin: Let me get you some fresh water. pours water into cup Here you go. Small sips. helps patient drink That’s good. How are you feeling now?
Mrs. Martinez: A little better. I’m just confused.
Kevin: That’s completely understandable. Being in the hospital can be confusing, especially at night. But I’m here with you, and you’re safe. Would you like me to stay and talk with you for a few minutes?
Mrs. Martinez: Yes, please.
Kevin: sits down I’d be happy to. Tell me, do you have any children?
Mrs. Martinez: begins to relax Yes, I have three children…
Dialogue 10: Admitting a New Patient
Setting: Patient’s room, afternoon admission
Characters: Nicole (CNA), Mrs. Harper (new patient), Nurse Taylor
Nicole: knocks on door frame Hello! Mrs. Harper? My name is Nicole, and I’m a certified nursing assistant. I’ll be helping take care of you during your stay. Welcome to our unit.
Mrs. Harper: looking anxious Thank you. I’ve never been in the hospital before. I’m really nervous.
Nicole: It’s completely normal to feel nervous. Many patients feel the same way when they’re admitted. We’re going to take very good care of you, and I’m here to answer any questions you might have. This is Nurse Taylor. She’ll be your nurse today.
Nurse Taylor: Hello, Mrs. Harper. I’ll be doing your assessment shortly. Nicole is going to help you get settled first.
Nicole: Mrs. Harper, let me show you around your room so you feel more comfortable. This is your bed, and this button right here points controls the bed position. You can raise the head or the feet. Would you like to try it?
Mrs. Harper: tries button Oh, that’s nice.
Nicole: Good! Now, this red button right here is your call button. This is very important. Anytime you need help—whether you need to use the bathroom, you’re in pain, you have a question, or you just feel worried—you press this button and someone will come to help you right away. We usually answer within a few minutes.
Mrs. Harper: What if I press it too much? I don’t want to bother anyone.
Nicole: Mrs. Harper, you could never bother us. That’s what we’re here for. It’s much better to press the button and ask for help than to try to do something alone and risk falling or hurting yourself. Please promise me you’ll use it whenever you need anything.
Mrs. Harper: Okay, I promise.
Nicole: Wonderful. Now, over here is your bathroom. There are grab bars to help you, and we can also provide you with a shower chair if needed. Please don’t try to shower or bathe without asking for help first, okay?
Mrs. Harper: Alright.
Nicole: This is your closet where you can keep your personal belongings. Do you have a bag with you?
Mrs. Harper: Yes, my daughter brought it. It’s over there.
Nicole: Perfect. Let me help you put your things away. Do you have your glasses, hearing aids, dentures, or any other important items?
Mrs. Harper: I have my glasses and my phone charger.
Nicole: Great. Let’s put your glasses where you can easily reach them. places glasses on bedside table And I’ll plug in your phone charger right here. Is there anyone you’d like me to help you call to let them know you’re settled?
Mrs. Harper: My daughter would probably like to know I’m okay.
Nicole: Absolutely. Let me help you call her in just a moment. First, do you need to use the bathroom before Nurse Taylor does your assessment?
Mrs. Harper: Yes, actually.
Nicole: Let me help you. assists patient to bathroom and back There we go. Now you’re all set. Is there anything else you need right now? Are you thirsty? Hungry?
Mrs. Harper: Maybe some water?
Nicole: Of course. pours water Here you are. Nurse Taylor will be back in about five minutes to check your vital signs and ask you some questions about your medical history. I’ll be nearby if you need anything. Remember, just press that call button.
Mrs. Harper: Thank you so much, Nicole. You’ve made me feel much better.
Nicole: I’m so glad. That’s my job—to make sure you’re comfortable and safe. You’re going to do just fine here.
Dialogue 11: Responding to a Fall
Setting: Patient’s room, just after a fall
Characters: Thomas (CNA), Mr. Wilson (patient who has fallen), Nurse Kim
Thomas: enters room and sees patient on floor Mr. Wilson! Are you alright? Don’t move. Let me help you.
Mr. Wilson: on the floor I fell. I was trying to get to the bathroom.
Thomas: presses call button I need you to stay very still for me. I’m getting help right now. Don’t try to get up on your own. to call system This is Thomas in room 405. Patient has fallen. I need a nurse immediately.
Nurse Kim: over intercom I’ll be right there.
Thomas: kneels beside patient Mr. Wilson, I’m going to check if you’re injured. Do you have any pain anywhere?
Mr. Wilson: My hip hurts. And my arm.
Thomas: Okay. I’m going to stay right here with you. Which hip hurts? Your right or left?
Mr. Wilson: My left hip.
Thomas: Alright. Try not to move your left side. Did you hit your head when you fell?
Mr. Wilson: I don’t think so.
Thomas: That’s good. Can you tell me your name and where you are?
Mr. Wilson: I’m Robert Wilson, and I’m in the hospital.
Thomas: Perfect. You’re alert and oriented—that’s a good sign.
Nurse Kim: enters quickly What happened?
Thomas: Mr. Wilson fell while trying to get to the bathroom. He reports pain in his left hip and left arm. He denies hitting his head, and he’s alert and oriented.
Nurse Kim: Good work, Thomas. Mr. Wilson, I’m Nurse Kim. We’re going to check you over carefully before we move you. Can you wiggle your toes for me?
Mr. Wilson: wiggles toes Yes.
Nurse Kim: Excellent. Can you bend your right knee?
Mr. Wilson: bends knee Yes.
Nurse Kim: Good. Thomas, let’s do a full assessment. I’m going to call the doctor and get some help to move him safely. Mr. Wilson, we’re going to take good care of you.
Thomas: after medical team arrives and patient is safely back in bed Mr. Wilson, I know you wanted to get to the bathroom by yourself, but it’s very important that you call for help every time. I know it feels frustrating to wait for us, but we want to keep you safe. Falls can cause serious injuries.
Mr. Wilson: I know. I just didn’t want to bother anyone. I thought I could make it.
Thomas: I understand, but you’re not a bother. We’re here specifically to help you. It’s our job, and we want to do it. Will you promise to press your call button next time?
Mr. Wilson: Yes, I promise.
Thomas: Thank you. I’m going to check on you more frequently today. Your call button is right here within reach. Please use it. We care about you and want you to stay safe.
Dialogue 12: Handling a Family Complaint
Setting: Nurses’ station, afternoon
Characters: Jennifer (CNA), Mr. Stevens (patient’s adult son), Charge Nurse Garcia
Mr. Stevens: approaching angrily Excuse me! I need to speak to someone about my father’s care!
Jennifer: remains calm and professional Hello, sir. My name is Jennifer, and I’m a nursing assistant here. I want to help you. What’s your concern?
Mr. Stevens: My father has been waiting for twenty minutes for someone to help him to the bathroom! This is unacceptable! What kind of place is this?
Jennifer: I apologize that your father has been waiting. That must be very frustrating for both of you. Which room is your father in?
Mr. Stevens: Room 318. He pressed the call button, and nobody came!
Jennifer: checks computer I see. Let me find out what happened. I’m going to get the charge nurse, and we’re going to take care of your father right away. Will you come with me, please?
Mr. Stevens: following Somebody better do something!
Jennifer: to Charge Nurse Garcia Nurse Garcia, this is Mr. Stevens. His father in 318 has been waiting for assistance to the bathroom. Can you come with me?
Charge Nurse Garcia: Absolutely. to Mr. Stevens I’m Charge Nurse Garcia. Let’s go check on your father immediately.
They all walk to room 318
Jennifer: to patient Mr. Stevens, I’m Jennifer, and this is Nurse Garcia. I understand you need to use the bathroom. I’m so sorry you had to wait. Let me help you right away.
Patient: Yes, please. I really need to go.
Jennifer: assists patient quickly and efficiently to bathroom
Charge Nurse Garcia: to Mr. Stevens in hallway I apologize for the delay. We’ve been short-staffed this afternoon, and we had an emergency in another room. That’s not an excuse—your father should have received help sooner. We’re going to check our call system to make sure his call was received properly.
Mr. Stevens: still upset but calmer He’s been here three days, and sometimes I feel like no one cares about him.
Charge Nurse Garcia: I can hear how worried you are about your father, and I want to assure you that we do care about him. Can you tell me about other concerns you have? I want to make sure we address them.
Mr. Stevens: Sometimes his water pitcher is empty, and his bed doesn’t get made until late afternoon.
Charge Nurse Garcia: Thank you for bringing this to my attention. Those things matter for his comfort and dignity. I’m going to speak with the staff about making sure his needs are met more promptly. Would it help if we scheduled a care conference with you, your father, and his care team to discuss his needs?
Mr. Stevens: sighs Yes, that would help. I just want him to be treated well.
Charge Nurse Garcia: I completely understand. You’re being a good advocate for your father. Let me get that scheduled. Jennifer, can you make sure Mr. Stevens’ father has fresh water and that his room is tidy?
Jennifer: returns from bathroom with patient Absolutely. Mr. Stevens, your father is safely back in bed. I’m going to get him fresh water right now and make sure everything in his room is neat. I’ll also check on him every hour for the rest of my shift. You have my word.
Mr. Stevens: calmer Thank you. I appreciate you listening to me and taking action.
Jennifer: Of course. Your father is important to us, and so are you. If you have any other concerns, please let me or Nurse Garcia know immediately. We want to make this right.
Dialogue 13: Post-Operative Care
Setting: Recovery area, post-surgery
Characters: Daniel (CNA), Ms. Brooks (patient waking from anesthesia)
Daniel: speaking gently Ms. Brooks? Ms. Brooks, can you hear me? Your surgery is over. You’re in the recovery room.
Ms. Brooks: groggily What? Where…?
Daniel: You’re safe. You’re in the hospital recovery room. Your surgery went very well. I’m Daniel, and I’m your nursing assistant. I’m going to take care of you while you wake up.
Ms. Brooks: confused Surgery? My stomach hurts.
Daniel: Yes, you had surgery this morning. It’s normal for your stomach to hurt—that’s where your incision is. The surgeon removed your gallbladder, and everything went perfectly. You’re doing great.
Ms. Brooks: I feel sick.
Daniel: Nausea is very common after anesthesia. I’m going to let the nurse know right away, and we can give you some medicine to help with that. Try to take slow, deep breaths for me. In through your nose, out through your mouth. demonstrates
Ms. Brooks: breathing slowly Okay.
Daniel: That’s wonderful. You’re doing exactly what you need to do. Let me check your vital signs. I’m going to put this clip on your finger to measure your oxygen level. attaches pulse oximeter And I’m going to take your blood pressure. You’ll feel the cuff get tight for a moment.
Ms. Brooks: waits quietly
Daniel: Your vitals look good. Your oxygen is at 97%, and your blood pressure is stable. I’m going to get the nurse to bring you some anti-nausea medication. In the meantime, would you like some ice chips? Sometimes that helps.
Ms. Brooks: Yes, please.
Daniel: offers small spoonful of ice chips Here you go. Just small amounts. Let them melt in your mouth. Don’t chew them yet.
Ms. Brooks: takes ice chips Thank you. When can I see my husband?
Daniel: Your husband is in the waiting room. Once you’re more awake and your nausea is under control, we’ll bring him back to see you. That will probably be in about thirty minutes to an hour. Would you like me to send him a message that you’re awake and asking about him?
Ms. Brooks: Yes, that would be nice.
Daniel: I’ll do that right away. You just rest and focus on waking up slowly. There’s no rush. Do you have any other questions for me?
Ms. Brooks: How long was the surgery?
Daniel: Your surgery took about an hour and a half. The surgeon will come talk to you and your husband soon to explain everything that was done. Everything went very smoothly.
Ms. Brooks: That’s good to hear.
Daniel: It is. Now, I’m going to be right here at the desk where I can see you. If you need anything at all, you just call out or raise your hand, and I’ll come right over. Okay?
Ms. Brooks: Okay. Thank you for being so kind.
Daniel: You’re very welcome. Just rest now. You’re doing beautifully.
Dialogue 14: Skin Care and Repositioning
Setting: Patient’s room, mid-afternoon
Characters: Christina (CNA), Mrs. Lee (bedridden patient)
Christina: Good afternoon, Mrs. Lee. How are you feeling?
Mrs. Lee: I’m okay, but my back is getting sore from lying here.
Christina: I’m sorry to hear that. You’ve been in the same position for about two hours, so it’s time for me to help you change positions anyway. This will help your circulation and prevent pressure sores. Let me check your skin first. May I?
Mrs. Lee: Yes, go ahead.
Christina: gently examines patient’s pressure points I’m going to check your heels, your tailbone, and your shoulder blades—those are the areas where pressure sores can develop. examines carefully Your skin looks healthy. That’s excellent. No redness or sores. We want to keep it that way.
Mrs. Lee: That’s good news.
Christina: It is. Now, I’m going to help you turn onto your left side. I’ll use pillows to keep you comfortable and supported. I need you to help me as much as you can. When I count to three, I want you to roll toward me. I’ll be supporting you the whole time. Ready?
Mrs. Lee: I’m ready.
Christina: Okay. One, two, three. helps patient roll to left side Perfect! You did great. Now let me position some pillows. I’m going to put this pillow behind your back for support places pillow and this one between your knees to keep your hips aligned places pillow and one under your top arm for comfort. arranges pillows How does that feel?
Mrs. Lee: Much better already.
Christina: I’m so glad. Now, let me apply some lotion to your skin. This will help keep it moisturized and healthy. applies lotion to back, heels, and elbows I’m using gentle pressure. Let me know if anything hurts.
Mrs. Lee: That feels nice, actually. Very soothing.
Christina: Good. Healthy skin is very important, especially when you’re in bed most of the time. I’ll be back in about two hours to turn you onto your other side. We rotate positions regularly to make sure no area gets too much pressure.
Mrs. Lee: I appreciate how careful you are.
Christina: Thank you for saying that. It’s important to me that you’re comfortable and that we prevent any complications. Is there anything else I can do for you right now? Would you like me to adjust your television, or get you some water?
Mrs. Lee: Actually, could you raise the head of my bed just a little? I’d like to read.
Christina: Of course! adjusts bed How’s that?
Mrs. Lee: Perfect. Thank you, Christina.
Christina: You’re welcome. I’ll check on you in about an hour, but remember, if you need anything before then, just press your call button.
Dialogue 15: Discharge Preparation
Setting: Patient’s room, morning of discharge
Characters: Marcus (CNA), Mr. Jackson (patient being discharged), Nurse Williams
Marcus: Good morning, Mr. Jackson! I heard some good news—you’re going home today!
Mr. Jackson: Yes! I’m so excited. I’ve been here for five days.
Marcus: I bet you’re ready to sleep in your own bed. Before you go, we need to make sure you have everything you need and that you understand your home care instructions. Nurse Williams will be in shortly to go over your medications and discharge paperwork, but I’m going to help you get ready and make sure you have all your belongings.
Mr. Jackson: Sounds good.
Marcus: First, let’s review your home care. Do you have someone at home who can help you for the first few days?
Mr. Jackson: Yes, my wife will be there, and my son is taking a few days off work.
Marcus: That’s wonderful. You’ll need help with some activities for about a week. The nurse will give you specific instructions about your medications, but let me review some general care with you. You had abdominal surgery, so you’ll need to keep your incision clean and dry. Do you know how to check your incision for signs of infection?
Mr. Jackson: Not really.
Marcus: That’s okay—that’s why we’re reviewing this. You should check your incision daily. You’re looking for increased redness, swelling, warmth, drainage, or a bad smell. A little redness right at the incision line is normal, but if it spreads or gets worse, you need to call your doctor. Also, if you develop a fever over 100.4 degrees, call your doctor right away.
Mr. Jackson: Okay. Redness, swelling, drainage, smell, or fever. I’ll write that down.
Marcus: Good idea. The nurse will give you written instructions too. Now, let’s talk about activities. You should not lift anything heavier than five pounds for the next two weeks. That means no groceries, no laundry baskets, no vacuum cleaners. Let your family help you.
Mr. Jackson: That’s going to be hard for me. I like to do things myself.
Marcus: I understand, but if you overdo it, you could damage your incision and end up back here in the hospital. It’s better to be patient now and heal properly. You can gradually increase your activity as your doctor approves. Do you have a follow-up appointment scheduled?
Mr. Jackson: Yes, next Wednesday at 2:00 PM.
Marcus: Perfect. Make sure you don’t miss that appointment. The doctor needs to check your healing. Now, let me help you gather your belongings. Let’s check the closet, the bathroom, and all the drawers. helps patient check room Here’s your phone charger, your slippers, your book—is this everything?
Mr. Jackson: I think so.
Marcus: Great. Do you need help getting dressed, or can you manage on your own?
Mr. Jackson: I can manage, but it might take me a while.
Marcus: Take all the time you need. I’ll step out and give you privacy. Press your call button when you’re dressed, and I’ll come back to help you with final preparations. steps out
Patient calls after ten minutes
Marcus: returns You look great! Ready to go home. Let me just do a final check of your vital signs before you leave. checks vitals Everything looks excellent. Your blood pressure is good, your temperature is normal. Now, how are you getting home? Do you have a ride?
Mr. Jackson: My wife is picking me up. She should be here in about fifteen minutes.
Marcus: Perfect. Let me get you a wheelchair. Hospital policy is that everyone leaves in a wheelchair—it’s for your safety.
Mr. Jackson: I feel like I can walk.
Marcus: I know you do, but we don’t want to take any chances. Once you’re in your car, you’re free to move around however you’d like, but while you’re here, we keep you safe our way. smiles Let me get your discharge papers from the nurse, and then we’ll get you out of here.
Nurse Williams: arrives with papers Hello, Mr. Jackson! Here are your discharge instructions and your prescriptions. Let me review everything with you…
After nurse finishes review
Marcus: Alright, Mr. Jackson. Your wife just arrived. Let’s get you downstairs. helps patient into wheelchair Here we go. I’m going to wheel you down to the main entrance.
Mr. Jackson: Thank you for everything, Marcus. You and all the staff have been wonderful.
Marcus: It’s been a pleasure taking care of you. You were a great patient. Remember—follow those instructions, don’t lift anything heavy, and keep that incision clean. If you have any concerns at all, don’t hesitate to call your doctor.
Mr. Jackson: I will. Thank you again.
Marcus: You’re very welcome. Take care of yourself, and I hope I don’t see you back here! smiles warmly Feel better!
Comprehensive Vocabulary List
Medical Terms
Abdominal (adjective) – Related to the abdomen or stomach area
- Example: He had abdominal surgery to remove his appendix.
Agitated (adjective) – Feeling or appearing troubled, nervous, or disturbed
- Example: The patient became agitated when she couldn’t find her glasses.
Ambulation (noun) – The act of walking or moving about
- Example: The physical therapist worked on the patient’s ambulation after hip surgery.
Anesthesia (noun) – Medication that causes loss of sensation or consciousness during surgery
- Example: The patient felt sick after waking up from anesthesia.
Assess/Assessment (verb/noun) – To evaluate or examine; a careful evaluation
- Example: The nurse will assess your pain level before giving medication.
Bedridden (adjective) – Confined to bed due to illness or injury
- Example: The bedridden patient needed help turning every two hours.
Blood pressure (noun) – The force of blood pushing against artery walls
- Example: Your blood pressure is 120 over 80, which is normal.
Catheter (noun) – A thin tube inserted into the body for medical purposes
- Example: Some patients need a catheter to help them urinate.
Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) (noun) – A healthcare worker who provides basic patient care under nurse supervision
- Example: The CNA helped the patient get dressed and eat breakfast.
Charge Nurse (noun) – The nurse in charge of a unit or shift
- Example: If you have a serious concern, ask to speak to the charge nurse.
Commode (noun) – A portable toilet that can be placed beside a bed
- Example: We can use a bedside commode if you can’t walk to the bathroom.
Confused/Confusion (adjective/noun) – Unable to think clearly or understand what’s happening
- Example: Patients sometimes experience confusion after surgery.
Dementia (noun) – A condition affecting memory, thinking, and behavior
- Example: The patient has dementia, so she sometimes forgets where she is.
Dentures (noun) – Artificial teeth
- Example: Please remove your dentures before surgery.
Dignity (noun) – The quality of being worthy of respect
- Example: We always protect our patients’ dignity during personal care.
Discharge (noun/verb) – Release from the hospital; to release a patient
- Example: Your discharge is scheduled for tomorrow morning.
Displacive (adjective) – Serving as a substitute or replacement
- Example: A good summary should not be displacive of reading the original article.
Dizziness (noun) – A feeling of being unsteady or lightheaded
- Example: Tell me immediately if you experience any dizziness when standing.
Drainage (noun) – Fluid coming from a wound or incision
- Example: Call your doctor if you notice yellow or green drainage from your incision.
Gallbladder (noun) – A small organ that stores bile to help digest fats
- Example: She had surgery to remove her gallbladder.
Grimacing (verb) – Making a facial expression showing pain or disgust
- Example: The patient was grimacing, so I knew he was in pain.
Hospice (noun) – Care focused on comfort for patients near the end of life
- Example: The hospice team provides compassionate care for dying patients.
Hydrated (adjective) – Having enough water or fluid in the body
- Example: It’s important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Incision (noun) – A surgical cut made in the body
- Example: Keep your incision clean and dry for the first week.
Infection (noun) – An invasion of the body by harmful germs
- Example: Signs of infection include redness, swelling, and fever.
Intravenous (IV) (adjective) – Given through a vein
- Example: The patient receives antibiotics through an IV line.
Mobility (noun) – The ability to move
- Example: Physical therapy will improve your mobility after surgery.
Nausea (noun) – A feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit
- Example: Nausea is a common side effect of anesthesia.
Oriented (adjective) – Aware of who you are, where you are, and what time it is
- Example: The patient is alert and oriented to person, place, and time.
Oxygen level (noun) – The amount of oxygen in the blood
- Example: We check your oxygen level using a small clip on your finger.
Physical therapy (noun) – Treatment to restore movement and strength
- Example: You’ll start physical therapy tomorrow to help you walk again.
Post-operative/Post-surgery (adjective) – After surgery
- Example: Post-operative care is very important for healing.
Pressure sore (noun) – A wound caused by constant pressure on the skin (also called bedsore)
- Example: We turn patients regularly to prevent pressure sores.
Pulse (noun) – The rhythmic beating of arteries as blood flows through them
- Example: Your pulse is 72 beats per minute, which is normal.
Recovery room (noun) – The area where patients wake up after surgery
- Example: You’ll stay in the recovery room until you’re fully awake.
Stroke (noun) – Damage to the brain caused by interrupted blood flow
- Example: The patient had a stroke and now has weakness on one side.
Temperature (noun) – Body heat measured in degrees
- Example: Normal body temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
Thermometer (noun) – A device used to measure temperature
- Example: Keep this thermometer under your tongue until it beeps.
Vital signs (noun) – Basic body measurements including temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and breathing rate
- Example: I need to check your vital signs every four hours.
Action Verbs for Patient Care
Adjust (verb) – To change or move something to a better position
- Example: Let me adjust your pillow so you’re more comfortable.
Assist (verb) – To help or support someone
- Example: I’ll assist you in walking to the bathroom.
Bathe (verb) – To wash the body
- Example: Would you like to bathe now or after breakfast?
Evaluate (verb) – To examine and judge the condition of something
- Example: The nurse will evaluate your pain and decide on treatment.
Monitor (verb) – To watch or check regularly
- Example: We monitor your vital signs throughout the day.
Position (verb) – To place in a particular way
- Example: I’ll position you on your side with pillows for support.
Reposition (verb) – To move to a different position
- Example: We need to reposition you every two hours.
Support (verb) – To hold up or help bear weight
- Example: I’ll support you while you stand up.
Patient Care Equipment
Bedpan (noun) – A container used for toileting in bed
- Example: If you can’t get up, we can use a bedpan.
Blood pressure cuff (noun) – The device wrapped around the arm to measure blood pressure
- Example: I’m going to wrap this blood pressure cuff around your arm.
Call button (noun) – A device patients press to request help
- Example: Press your call button if you need anything at all.
Grab bars (noun) – Bars attached to walls to help with balance and support
- Example: Use the grab bars when getting in and out of the shower.
Pulse oximeter (noun) – A device that clips on a finger to measure oxygen levels
- Example: This pulse oximeter will show us your oxygen level.
Shower chair (noun) – A chair used for sitting while bathing
- Example: A shower chair will help you bathe safely.
Walker (noun) – A frame that helps support someone while walking
- Example: Hold onto your walker with both hands for stability.
Wheelchair (noun) – A chair with wheels for people who cannot walk
- Example: Hospital policy requires us to use a wheelchair when you leave.
Communication and Emotional Support Terms
Advocate (noun/verb) – A person who supports or speaks up for someone; to support someone’s interests
- Example: You’re being a good advocate for your father by asking questions.
Compassionate (adjective) – Showing care and concern for others’ suffering
- Example: Hospice nurses are very compassionate with dying patients.
Concerned (adjective) – Worried or troubled about something
- Example: I’m concerned about your pain level. Let me get the nurse.
Dignity (noun) – Being worthy of respect and honor
- Example: We always treat patients with dignity during personal care.
Embarrassed (adjective) – Feeling self-conscious or ashamed
- Example: Many patients feel embarrassed about needing help in the bathroom.
Empathy (noun) – The ability to understand and share someone else’s feelings
- Example: Good CNAs show empathy when patients are scared or in pain.
Frustrated (adjective) – Feeling annoyed or upset because of obstacles or delays
- Example: I understand you’re frustrated about waiting. I apologize for the delay.
Privacy (noun) – Being alone or not observed by others
- Example: I’ll step outside to give you privacy while you get dressed.
Reassure (verb) – To comfort or restore confidence
- Example: Let me reassure you that you’re safe here and we’re taking good care of you.
Respect (noun/verb) – A feeling of admiration; to show consideration for someone
- Example: Thank you for being so patient and respectful with me.
General Healthcare Vocabulary
Cafeteria (noun) – A self-service restaurant, especially in a hospital or school
- Example: The cafeteria is on the first floor if you need to get lunch.
Complaint (noun) – An expression of dissatisfaction
- Example: We take every patient complaint seriously and investigate.
Gradually (adjective) – Happening slowly over time
- Example: You can gradually increase your activity level as you heal.
Immediately (adverb) – Right away, without delay
- Example: Call the doctor immediately if you develop a fever.
Policy (noun) – An official rule or guideline
- Example: Hospital policy requires all visitors to check in at the desk.
Prescription (noun) – A doctor’s written order for medication
- Example: The doctor will give you prescriptions for pain medication.
Promptly (adverb) – Without delay; quickly
- Example: We respond promptly when patients press their call buttons.
Regularly (adverb) – At consistent intervals
- Example: Take your medication regularly, at the same time each day.
Schedule (noun/verb) – A plan of when things will happen; to plan or arrange
- Example: We’ll schedule your follow-up appointment before you leave.
Short-staffed (adjective) – Not having enough workers
- Example: We apologize for the wait. We’re short-staffed today.
Physical Descriptions and Symptoms
Dull (adjective) – Not sharp or intense (describing pain)
- Example: The pain is dull and achy, not sharp.
Sharp (adjective) – Sudden and intense (describing pain)
- Example: I feel sharp, stabbing pain in my stomach.
Steady (adjective) – Regular and unchanging
- Example: Your pulse is strong and steady.
Swelling (noun) – An enlargement or puffiness
- Example: Some swelling around the incision is normal for a few days.
Throbbing (adjective) – Beating with a strong, regular rhythm (describing pain)
- Example: I have a throbbing headache.
Weak/Weakness (adjective/noun) – Lacking strength or force
- Example: The stroke caused weakness on her left side.
Study Tips for Using These Dialogues
- Read aloud: Practice reading both parts of each dialogue to improve pronunciation and fluency.
- Role-play: Practice with a study partner, taking turns being the CNA and the patient or family member.
- Focus on phrases: Notice common phrases CNAs use like “How can I help you?” “Let me know if…” “Would you like me to…”
- Study vocabulary in context: Review how each vocabulary word is used in the dialogues, not just the definition.
- Practice professional language: Notice how CNAs remain calm, respectful, and professional even in difficult situations.
- Cultural notes: In American healthcare, it’s important to:
- Always introduce yourself
- Explain what you’re doing before you do it
- Ask permission for personal care
- Respect patient privacy and dignity
- Respond quickly to call buttons
- Communicate clearly with other healthcare team members
Good luck with your CNA studies and your future career helping patients!
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